Chapter 30: The Second World War
Chapter Outline
- America’s early battles
- Retreat in the Pacific
- Collapse along the Pacific
- Japanese strategy
- Halting the Japanese advance
- Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942)
- Midway: a turning point
- Early setbacks in the Atlantic
- Devastation from German submarines
- Strategy of small patrol vessels
- Mobilization at home
- Preparedness and mobilization
- Economic conversion to war
- War Production Board
- Role of the Office of Scientific Research and Development
- Effects of wartime spending
- Growth in workforce
- Impact of the war on the economy
- Personal incomes
- Efforts to control prices
- Efforts to control wages and farm prices
- Seizure of industries
- Domestic conservatism
- Republican gains
- Fate of New Deal programs
- Effects on organized labor
- Social effects of the war
- Development of the West
- Defense contracts
- Demographic effects
- Social effects of the war on women
- The civilian workforce
- The military
- Changing attitudes toward sex roles
- Effects of the war on blacks
- Problems of the segregated armed forces
- The March on Washington Movement
- Challenges to other forms of discrimination
- Latinos in the labor force
- Recruitment
- Bracero program
- Ethnic tensions
- Native Americans support war
- Impact of the war on Japanese Americans
- General effect of the war on civil liberties
- Internment
- The war in Europe
- War aims and strategy
- Europe first
- Alliance with Britain
- War aims
- Differences over strategy
- North Africa
- Defeat of Germans
- Casablanca Conference
- Attack Sicily and Italy
- Unconditional surrender
- Battle of the Atlantic
- Sicily and Italy
- Italian surrender
- German control of northern Italy
- The battle for Rome
- Strategic bombing of Europe
- British and American cooperation
- Impact of the bombing
- Decisions of the Teheran Conference
- The D-Day invasion
- Operation “Overlord”
- Results
- German reaction
- Invasion of the French Mediterranean coast
- The war in the Pacific
- Guadalcanal offensive
- MacArthur’s sweep up the western Pacific
- Approval for the MacArthur plan
- The technique of “leapfrogging”
- Nimitz’s moves in the Central Pacific
- The naval battle of Leyte Gulf
- The end of the war
- Election of 1944
- Republican strategy
- Democratic vice-presidential candidate
- Campaign results
- Converging on Germany
- German counteroffensive
- Allied moves
- The Yalta Conference
- Nature of the decisions
- Call for a United Nations
- Occupation of Germany
- Eastern Europe
- Assessment of results
- Collapse of the Third Reich
- FDR’s death
- V-E Day
- Discovery of the Holocaust
- War in the Pacific
- Iwo Jima and Okinawa
- Effects of battles
- The atomic bomb
- Manhattan Project
- Decision to use the bomb
- Use of the bombs
- Effects of the bombings
- Negotiations for surrender
- Assessing the war
- Death and destruction
- Impact on American society
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